There are more than 450 Moshavim settlements and about 270 kibbutzim in Israel. They are all collective rural communities, based on an ideal to create a social utopian settlement. Placing the kibbutzim and Moshavim within the wider context of utopian social ideals and how they have historically been physically and architecturally constructed, this book discusses the form of the 'ideal settlement' as an integral part and means for realising a utopian doctrine. It presents an analysis of physical planning in at kibbutzim and Moshavim  through the past 100 years and how changes in ideology are reflected in changes in layout and aesthetics. In doing so, this book shows how a utopian settlement organization behaves over time, from their first appearance in 1910 on to an examination of the current spatial layouts and the directions of their expected future development.